AAIC – Microdigest 2

Microdigest 2

Round-up of AAIC

Here we summarize the key data releases from AAIC 2024 focusing on novel biomarkers and anti-amyloid therapies.

Plasma Biomarkers

Key takeaways:

Potential clinical applications:

Considerations:

Evaluation of the prospective use of blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease in primary and secondary care (Abstract ID: 88404)

Presenter: Oskar Hansson (Sweden)

Plasma biomarkers tested:

Results:

Utility of Plasma Biomarkers in Screening for Brain Amyloid in the 1Florida Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) (Abstract ID: 91578)

Presenter: Ranjan Duara (USA)

AUCSensitivitySpecificity
APOE ε4+, hippocampal atrophy+ (base)0.7871%76%
Base plus all plasma biomarkers0.9693%87%
Base plus amyloid-β 42/40 ratio0.8880%82%
Base plus p-tau2170.9492%84%
p-tau2170.9285%89%
Amyloid-β 42/40 ratio0.8277%81%
Amyloid-β 42/40 ratio plus p-tau2170.9493%85%

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; APOE, apolipoprotein E.

Use of plasma p-tau217 as a pre-screening method for detecting amyloid-PET positivity in cognitively unimpaired participants: A multicenter study (Abstract ID: 85773)

Presenter: Gemma Salvadό (Sweden)

p-tau217 onlySubsequent CSF amyloid-β 42/40 in patients positive for p-tau217
Positive predictive value72.9–81.2%90.8–95.3% ↑
Negative predictive value82.5–86.2%82.8–86.7%
Accuracy82.4–83.8%84.0–87.3% ↑
Overall rate of amyloid positivity10.9–18.1%9.3–14.3% ↓
Probability of being assessed as positive on both p-tau217 and CSF'-79.4–85.2%

Using a blood-based biomarker panel for Alzheimer’s disease to determine eligibility for disease modifying treatment in a memory clinic setting: three scenarios (Abstract ID: 91700)

Presenter: Sinthujah Vigneswaran (the Netherlands)

Evaluating the interchangeability of blood-based biomarkers and amyloid-PET for identifying patients with Alzheimer’s pathology (Abstract ID: 91465)

Presenter: Samantha Burnham (USA)

Plasma biomarkers tested:

Plasma stratification:

Results after ruling out 14.0% of intermediate patients on PrecivityAD® and 18.6% on p-tau217:

PrecivityAD®p-tau217
Ruling in patients also amyloid PET visual read positive (PPV)86%88%
Ruling out patients also amyloid PET visual read negative (NPV)78%92% ↑
Overall percentage agreement with amyloid PET visual read81%90% ↑

Alzheimer’s disease blood tests of amyloid-beta 42/40, %p-tau217, 181, and 205 ratios and MTBR-243 in real-world populations: Results from SEABIRD and BioFINDER2 (Abstract ID: 88405)

Presenter: Randall Bateman (USA)

All participants n=108Amyloid-β-positive participants n=51
MTBR-tau2431.000.98
p-tau217/tau217 ratio0.980.87
p-tau217 concentration0.980.89
All participants n=108Amyloid-β-positive participants n=51
Braak I–VI (Global)0.870.86
Braak I–II0.890.54
Braak III–IV0.890.79
Braak V–VI0.850.86

AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve

Head-to-head evaluation of leading blood tests for amyloid pathology (Abstract ID: 95506)

Presenter: Kellen Petersen (USA)

Logistic regression models predicting the accuracy of blood-based biomarkers to predict amyloid-PET positivity (>20 CL) using AUC analysis and compared using DeLong’s tests.

PlatformModelAUC
C2N Precivity™p-tau217 ratio* plus amyloid-β 42/400.929 ★
p-tau217 ratio0.927
p-tau217 plus amyloid-β 42/400.921
p-tau2170.916
amyloid-β 42/400.751
Fujirebio Lumipulse®p-tau217 plus amyloid-β 42/400.911
ptau2170.896
amyloid-β 42/400.787
AlzPath Simoa®p-tau2170.885
Janssen Simoa®p-tau2170.882
Roche Elecsys®p-tau181 plus amyloid-β 42/40 plus GFAP plus NfL0.677 to 0.873
p-tau181 plus amyloid-β 42/40 plus NfL0.677 to 0.873
p-tau181 plus amyloid-β 42/400.677 to 0.873
p-tau1810.677 to 0.873
amyloid-β 42/400.677 to 0.873
GFAP0.677 to 0.873
NfL0.677 to 0.873
Quanterix Simoa®p-tau181 plus amyloid-β 42/40 plus GFAP plus NfL0.670 to 0.808
p-tau181 plus amyloid-β 42/40 plus NfL0.670 to 0.808
p-tau181 plus amyloid-β 42/400.670 to 0.808
p-tau1810.670 to 0.808
amyloid-β 42/400.670 to 0.808
GFAP0.670 to 0.808
NfL0.670 to 0.808

AUC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; NfL: neurofilament light
*p-tau217 ratio of p-tau217 to non-p-tau217

A head-to-head comparison between plasma p-tau217 and tau-PET for predicting future cognitive decline among cognitively unimpaired individuals (Abstract ID: 90966)

Presenter: Rik Ossenkoppele (the Netherlands; Sweden)

Plasma p-tau217 predicts cognitive decline on the mini mental state examination (MMSE) and the modified Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (mPACC).

Best predictive models:

Cognitive decline on MMSECognitive decline on mPACC
Plasma p-tau217R2 = 0.14R2 = 0.30
MTL tau-PETR2 = 0.17R2 = 0.32
NeoT tau-PETR2 = 0.21R2 = 0.31

Plasma Tau Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Staging (Abstract ID: 88408)

Presenter: Laia Montoliu-Gaya (Sweden)

Plasma stageA/T statusA- T-A+ T-A+ T+PET stageMTL+ neoT–MTL+ neoT+MTL+ neoT++
Plasma StageA/T StatusPET stage
A- T-A+ T-A+ T-MTL+ neoT-MTL+ neoT+MTL+ neoT++
Stage 1: negative for all biomarkers80.8%19.2%'-'-'-'-
Stage 2: p-tau217 positive3.4%40.9%55.7%22.6%22.6%31.0%
Stage 3–4: p-tau217, p-tau205, and 0N CNS-specific positive'-'-100%'-83.3-86.7%
Stage 5: p-tau 217, p-tau205, 0N CNS- specific, and tau 212–221 positive'-'-100%'-'-100%

Predicting PET-Based Amyloid and Tau Pathology Stages With Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease (Abstract ID: 90581)

Presenter: Han-Kyeol Kim (Republic of South Korea)

The ratio of plasma p-tau217 to non-p-tau217 was superior to p-tau217 and the ratio of amyloid-β 42 to amyloid-β 40 for predicting Thal phase and Braak stage measured using PET, particularly in the early stages.

AUCs for plasma p-tau217/non-p-tau217 ratio were:

Mid- to late-life changes in blood-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology and neurodegeneration and associations with brain amyloid deposition: The ARIC-PET Study (Abstract ID: 91307)

Presenter: Priya Palta (USA)

Plasma biomarkers were measured in midlife, at a mean age of 58.5 years, or later life, at a mean age of 76.2 years.

Biomarkers tested:

Midlife plasma biomarkers: None of the biomarkers measured at mid-life predicted late-life PET amyloid positivity, defined as a global cortex standardized uptake value ratio of greater than 1.2, a median of 19.3 years later.

Later life plasma biomarkers: Significant associations with late-life PET amyloid positivity when measured a median of 1.6 years before for:

Anti-amyloid therapies

Key takeaways:

Insights from TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 (Donanemab): Potential Clinical Translation (Developing Topic Session)
Clinical efficiency

Presenter: Jennifer Zimmer (USA)

Manageable ARIA risk

Presenter: Alessandro Biffi (USA)

Limited duration dosing

Presenter: Emily Collins (USA)

Is there Evidence for a Continued Benefit for Long-Term Lecanemab Treatment? A Benefit/Risk Update from Long-Term Efficacy, Safety and Biomarker Data (Abstract ID: 92094)

Presenter: Christopher Van Dyck (USA)

Evidence of continued treatment effect with lecanemab through 3 years:

Low tau and amyloid groups do particularly well, supporting early lecanemab use:

Plasma biomarker data support continued lecanemab use:

Low long-term ARIA risk

How Does the Latest Clinical Pharmacology Data & Modeling Support Continued Lecanemab Dosing? (Abstract ID: 92091)

Presenter: Larisa Reyderman (USA)

Study 201: 31 patients with early Alzheimer’s disease who stopped taking lecanemab (10 mg/kg every 2 weeks) after 18 months of treatment, before resuming a mean of 2 years later.

Interruption of lecanemab in Study 201 led to:

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling showed that half the treatment effect of lecanemab is lost:

Monthly maintenance dose of lecanemab 10 mg/kg started at either 18 or 24 months is sufficient to prevent the re-accumulation of amyloid and worsening of plasma biomarkers.

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AAIC Microdigest 2

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Microdigest 1 JP